Ayapana

(Ayapana triplinervis)

Family: Asteraceae
Taxonomy: Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R. M. King & H. Rob.
Synonyms: ayapana Eupatorium, Eupatorium triplinerve
Common names: aypana, aiapana, aiapaina, aipana, cagueña, curia, panahan Daun, Daun perasman, diapalma iapana, diarana-Guache, japana, japana-branch, sekrepatoe wiwir, pool root, white snakeroot, yapan
Phyto-chemical elements: 1-8 Cineole, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terineol, ayapanin, ayapin, beta-selinene, Borneol, bornyl-acetate, coumarin, daphnetin, dipentene, herniarin, hydrangetin, linalool, methylene-dioxy-6, 7 -- coumarin, sabinene, stigmasterol, thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and umbelliferone.
Parts used: leaves, flowers, whole plants

PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS

Main actions:

* Stomachs
* Antiseptic
* Antitussigeno
* Anti-ulcer
* Haemostatic
* Epatoprotettivo
* Tonic
* Vulnerary
* Anti-tumor

Other actions:

* Anticoagulant
* Depurative
* Healing
* Astringent
* Febrifugal
* Diaforetico
* Emollient

Standard dosage
Leaves
Infusion: 1 cup twice daily

Ayapana is a grass ornamental perennial with aromatic leaves that can reach 20-30cm in height. Ayapana is native of South America and can be found in the Amazonian regions of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Guinee. It was also introduced in the U.S.A. and may be found in Puerto Rico and Hawaii.

Ayapana is a rich source of natural coumarin. Coumarin has a clinical significance since it is the precursor of several anticoagulant drugs. Two elements of phyto ayapana, discovered in the'30s, were called ayapanina and ayapina. Of these elements have been reported to the remarkable properties of flowing blood and anticoagulant actions.

Ayapana contains the ernarina (7-Methoxycoumarin) that may help to tell why the plant is used in herbal medicine as a remedy anti-tumor. A survey conducted in 2005 indicated that this element is phyto-toxic to cancer cells, including multi-drug resistant leukemia cells.

In a laboratory study in 1998, a methanolic extract of dried leaves ayapana not evidanziato no antibacterial activity, but a significant antifungal activity. An ethanol extract of the plant (grown in Suriname) was reported as active against Bacillus subtilis at a dose of 50mg/ml, but inactive against other strains of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Some Indian researchers have documented a weak activity of the essential oil of leaves ayapana against some strains of fungi.

The essential oil of flowers gave the best results with regard to antimicrobial properties. In 1979, researchers had documented the Indians strong action in vitro of the essential oil of flowers against 10 strains of fungi. In 1993, it was documented that the essential oil of flowers ayapana has antibacterial actions against staphylococcus, cholera, pneumonia, and Shigella, pesticides (Ascaris) and anthelmintic (tapeworm). In early studies, has also been documented that the essential oil of flowers can have a depressant of the central nervous system, analgesic and sedative.

The tribe of the Peruvian Shipibo-Conibo take orally leaves and stems of ayapana for colic, stomach pain, swelling and purification. In Peruvian herbal medicine it is considered that the plant has actions sweat, healing, astringent, stomach, stimulating, febrifugal, anti-diarrhea and anti-tumor. It is believed that ayapana has anti-neoplastic properties and is used for tumors in Peru that Argentina. Furthermore, an infusion of whole plant is used to stimulate menstruation.

In Brazilian herbal medicine the juice and infusion of leaves and stems are considered tonic, stimulant, astringent, anti-dysentery and sudoripari. An infusion of leaves is often mixed with honey and used to cough and sore throat. Furthermore, the infusion is used for sensitive stomach, indigestion, diarrhea, fever, headache, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, and stomach ulcers. The juice of the leaves is used externally as an astringent and emollient and is rich in vitamin C. The juice is used as a rinse for gingivitis and mouth ulcers.

Ayapana was on for the first time an article written in 1887 the American Journal of Pharmacy stated that: "The leaves are recommended for indigestion, respiratory disorders and cholera, and were susate for similar purposes in Europe at the beginning of the century" .


Here are a brief summary of the uses etnomedici of ayapana:

Argentina: to stimulate menstruation, cancer
Brazil: as an astringent, emollient, sedative, stimulant, tonic and sudoriparo, for angina, cholera, cough, diarrhea, otitis, eye infections, fever, gastric ulcers, gingivitis, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, ulcers of the mouth, nausea , skin ulcers, snake bites, sore throat, vomiting and wounds
Bangladesh: as haemostatic, antiseptic, cardiac stimulant, emetic, laxative and diaforetico; also used for ulcers and bleeding
Guinea: how alessiterico, digestive, febrifugal, laxative, sudoriparo, for colds, diarrhea, flu, headache, hypertension, oral inflammation, ulcers of the mouth, nausea, ulcers, vomiting
India: How cardiotonico, diaforetico, emetic, haemostatic, laxative, stimulant, tonic
Malaysia: sudoriparo as, for bronchitis and diarrhea
Mauritius: How alterante, anti-scurvy, emetic, diaforetico, stimulant, tonic, and for intestinal disorders, colds, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, flatulence, headaches, lung disorders, ulcers
Peru: as astringent, anti-neoplastic, healing, purification, febrifugal, epatoprotettivo, stimulant, stomach, sudoriparo, for colic, diarrhea, edema, bleeding, indigestion, snake bites, stomach, tetanus, tumors, vomiting, inflammation of the urinary tract , injury
Philippines: sudoriparo and as a tonic, for the fever
Trinidad: for colds, constipation, fever, influenza, pneumonia, yellow fever
United States: for cholera, indigestion and breathing problems


AYAPANA
Primary method of preparation: infusion
Key actions (in order): stomachs, pectoral, antiulcer, vulnerary, anticancer

Main uses:

1. stomachs as for digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, stomach pain)
2nd for cough, sore throat, colds and bronchitis
3rd for ulcers (mouth, skin, stomach)
4th for cuts, abrasions and wounds
5th for cancer

Properties / actions documented by research:
analgesic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, appetite suppression, antifungal, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, depression of the central nervous system, pesticide, sedative

Properties / actions documented by traditional
antiseptic, antineoplastic, antitussigeno, antiulcer, astringent, cardiotonico, healing, purification, diaforetico, emollient, haemostatic, epatoprotettivo, laxative, sedative, stimulant, stomach, tonic, sudoriparo, vulnerary

Traditional preparation:

* Decoction: whole plant
* Infused: fresh or dried leaves


Contraindications:
Ayapana leaves naturally contain coumarin. Coumarin has an anticoagulant effect and blood and is a precursor of drugs based cumadina. You are advised to consult your doctor before taking this plant if you are taking medications based cumadina or whether this type of medication is contraindicated for their health

Interaction with medication: Ayapana can enhance or increase the effect of drugs blood

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